Part IV, "Stateful and Advanced Filtering Technologies," dealt with stateful filtering of traffic as well as filtering of web traffic. This part deals with address translation: why it is necessary, how it is done, problems that address translation introduces, and address-translation features of the Cisco IOS. This chapter focuses on the basics of address translation: the different kinds of address translation available and how they are configured on a Cisco router. The next chapter deals with address translation issues and Cisco IOS features that you can use to solve these problems.