Chapter 6. Object-oriented Programming

State the benefits of encapsulation in object-oriented design and write code that implements tightly encapsulated classes and the relationships is-a and has-a.

Write code to invoke overridden or overloaded methods and parental or overloaded constructors; describe the effect of invoking these methods.

Write code to construct instances of any concrete class, including normal top-level classes and nested classes.

• For nested classes, see Chapter 7.

Understand the concepts single implementation inheritance, multiple interface inheritance, subtype-supertype relationship, and their implications for object-oriented programming (OOP).

Understand constructor chaining involving this() and super() constructs.

State conversion rules for assigning, casting, and passing references.

Determine at runtime if an object is an instance of a specified reference type (or of this type's subtypes), using the instanceof operator.

Understand polymorphism and dynamic method lookup.