Chapter 2

1:

What is ANSI, and what does it do?

A1:

Answer: ANSI is the acronym for the American National Standards Institute and is a U.S. governmental body responsible for approving U.S. standards in several categories, including computers and communications.

2:

What is the ITU-T, and what does it do?

A2:

Answer: The ITU-T is the telecommunications standardization sector of the ITU (International Telecommunication Union) and is responsible for technical recommendations about telephone and data communications systems telecommunications carriers.

3:

What is the IEEE, and what does it do?

A3:

Answer: The IEEE is the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and is the leading technical authority in several technology fields, such as computer engineering and electronics.

4:

What does OSI stand for, and what is the OSI model?

A4:

Answer: OSI stands for Open System Interconnection. The OSI model is a model of network architecture and of the protocol suites across the network architecture. The OSI model was developed as a framework for international standards in various and diverse computer network architectures to be developed and implemented.

5:

Describe and name the layers in the OSI model.

A5:

Answer: There are seven (7) layers in the OSI model: (7) application, (6) presentation, (5) session, (4) transport, (3) network, (2) data link, and (1) physical.

6:

What are some advantages of a layered model approach to networking?

A6:

Answer: Whether it is the OSI model layers or the Hierarchical Design Model layers, the layered approach provides the same advantages: the compartmentalization of network functions. This compartmentalization enables vendors to develop and produce a specific product set, such as network hardware (routers, switches) or software (computer or network operating system). This same compartmentalization provides the network administrator a step-by-step approach to troubleshooting a network fault, and to isolating the failure from the rest of the network, such as implementing a failover path or replacing the hardware

7:

What is the network standard for 10-Mbps Ethernet? 100-Mbps Ethernet? 1000-Mbps/Gigabit Ethernet? 10Gigabit Ethernet?

A7:

Answer: 10-Mbps Ethernet?IEEE 802.3

100-Mbps Ethernet?IEEE 802.3u

1-Gbps 1000-Mbps?IEEE 802.3z

10,000-Mbps/10-Gbps Ethernet?IEEE 802.3ae

8:

What is encapsulation, and how does it work (in reference to the OSI model)?

A8:

Answer: Encapsulation is the process by which each layer of the OSI model wraps protocol information around the information received from the layer above. Each layer of the OSI model performs a specific function, adding that layer's information; based on this information, the receiving side knows what to do upon receipt of the data.