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SQL Bible Oracle
List of Tables
List of Tables
Chapter 1: SQL and Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS)
Table 1-1: Maximum Name Length Restrictions for Some of Database Objects
Table 1-2: Flat File Records Keeping
Chapter 2: Fundamental SQL Concepts and Principles
Table 2-1: Key SQL99 Areas
Table 2-2: Four Basic SQL Statements
Chapter 3: SQL Data Types
Table 3-1: Major Vendor Implementations Character String Data Types
Table 3-2: Binary String Data Types
Table 3-3: Exact Numeric Data Types
Table 3-4: Approximate Numeric Data Types
Table 3-5: Date and Time Data Types
Table 3-6: Interval Literals in Oracle
Chapter 4: Creating RDBMS Objects
Table 4-1: Valid CREATE Statements Cross-Reference
Chapter 5: Altering and Destroying RDBMS Objects
Table 5-1: Valid ALTER Statements Cross-Reference
Table 5-2: Valid DROP Statements Cross-Reference
Chapter 7: Sessions, Transactions, and Locks
Table 7-1: SQL Standard SET Statements
Table 7-2: Microsoft SQL Server 2000 SQL-92 Settings
Table 7-3: Microsoft SQL Server 2000 SET Statements
Table 7-4: Vendor-Specific ROLLBACK Statements
Table 7-5: SQL99 Transaction Isolation Levels
Table 7-6: Oracle 9
i
Lock Modes
Table 7-7: Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Lock Modes
Table 7-8: Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Locking Hints
Chapter 10: SQL Functions
Table 10-1: Standard SQL2 Functions
Table 10-2: Numeric Functions
Table 10-3: String Functions
Table 10-4: Date and Time Functions
Table 10-5: Getting Current Date Out of RDBMS
Table 10-6: Valid Range of the Time-Zone Values for Oracle's NEW_TIME Function:
Table 10-7: Aggregate Functions
Table 10-8: Conversion Functions
Table 10-9: Formatting MS SQL Server CONVERT Function Output for Dates
Table 10-10: Selected Oracle Datetime Format Templates
Table 10-11: Selected Oracle Number Format Templates
Table 10-12: IBM DB2 UDB Date Strings Formats
Table 10-13: IBM DB2 UDB Time String Formats
Table 10-14: Miscellaneous Functions
Chapter 11: SQL Operators
Table 11-1: Arithmetic Operators
Table 11-2: SQL Logical Operators
Table 11-3: Wildcard Characters for use with Operator LIKE
Table 11-4: Operators Precedence
Table 11-5: Comparison Operators
Table 11-6: Bitwise Operators
Table 11-7: Data Type Compatibility for Bitwise Operands
Chapter 12: SQL and RDBMS Security
Table 12-1: Selected Microsoft SQL Server 2000 User Management
Table 12-2: GRANT Statement Options
Table 12-3: Common Oracle 9
i
System Privileges
Table 12-4: Oracle 9
i
SYSDBA and SYSOPER System Privileges
Table 12-5: Common IBM DB2 UDB System Privileges
Table 12-6: SQL Object-Level Privileges
Table 12-7: IBM DB2 UDB Object-Level Privileges
Table 12-8: Oracle 9
i
Predefined Roles
Table 12-9: IBM DB2 UDB System Authorities
Table 12-10: Microsoft SQL Server Fixed Server Roles
Table 12-11: Microsoft SQL Server Fixed Database Roles
Table 12-12: Selected Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Role Management System-Stored Procedures
Table 12-13: IBM DB2 UDB Encryption Functions
Table 12-14: Oracle 9
i
Audit Levels
Table 12-15: Oracle 9
i
AUDIT Level Options
Table 12-16: IBM DB2 UDB Events Categories Available for Audit
Table 12-17: Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Event Categories
Chapter 13: The System Catalog and INFORMATION_SCHEMA
Table 13-1: SQL Standard INFORMATION_SCHEMA Views
Table 13-2: Static View Prefixes
Table 13-3: Selected Oracle Data Dictionary views
Table 13-4: Oracle Data Dictionary Views Correspondence to SQL99 INFORMATION_SCHEMA.
Table 13-5: Selected IBM DB2 UDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Views
Table 13-6: INFORMATION_SCHEMA Views Column Names
Table 13-7: Updateable IBM DB2 UDB INFORMATION_SCHEMA Views
Table 13-8: Microsoft SQL Server 2000 INFORMATION_SCHEMA Views
Table 13-9: Microsoft SQL Server 2000 System Stored Procedure Categories
Table 13-10: Result Set Returned by sp_tables System Stored Procedures
Chapter 15: Dynamic and Embedded SQL Overview
Table 15-1: Data type Correspondence
Table 15-2: Indicator Variable Values (Input)
Table 15-3: Indicator Variable Values (Output)
Table 15-4: Selected SQLSTATE Codes
Table 15-5: Useful Embedded SQL Statements
Table 15-6: ANSI/ISO SQL Data type Codes
Chapter 16: SQL API
Table 16-1: SQL/CLI and ODBC Functions
Table 16-2: JDBC 3.0 Features
Table 16-3: Selected JDBC Drivers Vendors
Table 16-4: DB2 CLI vs. DB2 ODBC Driver Comparison
Table 16-5: OCI Compatibility Between Different Versions of Server and Client Software
Table 16-6: Selected Oracle OCI Functions
Table 16-7: ADO.NET Top Level Namespaces
Chapter 17: New Developments—XML, OLAP, and Objects
Table 17-1: The RDBMS/OODBMS Standards Comparison
Table 17-2: Database Products Supporting Pure OO Technology
Appendix C: Basics of Relational Database Design
Table C-1: "One Table" Design
Table C-2: Table CUSTOMER after First Normal Form
Table C-3: New ORDER Table
Table C-4: Table CUSTOMER after Second Normal Form
Table C-5: New ORDER Table
Table C-6: New PRODUCT Table
Table C-7: Table CUSTOMER After First Normal Form
Table C-8: New REGION Table
Appendix D: Installing RDBMS Software
Table D-1: Installation of Oracle on Windows: Platforms Requirements
Table D-2: Installation of Oracle on Sun Solaris: Platforms Requirements
Table D-3: Unix Environment Variables Necessary for Oracle 9
i
Installation on Sun Solaris Platform
Table D-4: Installation of Oracle on Linux: Requirements Overview
Table D-5: Environment Variables Necessary for Oracle 9i Installation on Linux
Table D-6: Installation of DB2 UDB on Windows: Platforms Requirements
Table D-7: Requirements for MS SQL Server Installation on Windows 2000
Appendix E: Accessing RDBMS
Table E-1: Most Commonly Used SQL*Plus Commands
Table E-2: Common CLP Options
Table E-3: Common CLP commands
Table E-4: Basic OSQL Commands
Appendix F: Installing the ACME Database
Table F-1: Common Errors from Running Oracle Scripts
Table F-2: Common Errors from Running DB2 Scripts
Table F-3: Common Errors from Running MS SQL Server Scripts
Appendix G: SQL Functions
Table G-1: Oracle 9
i
SQL Number Functions
Table G-2: Oracle 9
i
SQL Character Functions
Table G-3: Oracle 9
i
SQL Datetime Functions
Table G-4: Oracle 9
i
SQL Conversion Functions
Table G-5: Oracle 9
i
SQL Miscellaneous Single-Row Functions
Table G-6: Oracle 9
i
SQL Aggregate Functions
Table G-7: Oracle 9
i
SQL Analytic Functions
Table G-8: Oracle 9
i
SQL Object Reference Functions
Table G-9: IBM DB2 UDB Built-in Scalar Functions
Table G-10: IBM DB2 UDB Built-in Column Functions
Table G-11: IBM DB2 UDB Built-in Table Functions
Table G-12: IBM DB2 UDB Built-in Procedures
Table G-13: Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Built-in String Functions
Table G-14: Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Built-in Mathematical Functions
Table G-15: Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Built-in Date and Time Functions
Table G-16: Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Built-in Aggregate Functions
Table G-17: Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Built-in Text and Image Functions
Table G-18: Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Built-in Cursor Functions
Table G-19: Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Built-in Metadata Functions
Table G-20: Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Built-in Configuration Functions
Table G-21: Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Built-in Security Functions
Table G-22: Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Built-in System Functions
Table G-23: Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Built-in System Statistical Functions
Table G-24: Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Built-in Rowset Functions
Appendix H: SQL Syntax Reference
Table H-1: Simplified BNF Notation
Table H-2: Predicates
Appendix J: SQL99 Major Features Compliance Across Different RDBMS
Table J-1: SQL99-Defined Features across RDBMS
Appendix K: The Other RDBMS
Table K-1: RDBMS Software Vendors
Appendix L: A Brief Introduction to the Number Systems, Boolean Algebra, and Set Theory
Table L-1: Number Systems
Table L-2: Binary Number Represented in Hexadecimal Groups
Table L-3: Binary to Decimal Conversion
Table L-4: Decimal to Binary Conversion
Table L-5: NOT Truth Table
Table L-6: AND Truth table
Table L-7: OR Truth table
Table L-8: XOR Truth table
Table L-9: NAND Truth table
Table L-10: NOR Truth table
Table L-11: Boolean Algebra Operator Precedence
Table L-12: Precedence Rules Illustration
Table L-13: Identities of Boolean Algebra
Table L-14: Identities of Set Algebra
Preface
How This Book Is Organized
Conventions Used in This Book
Part I: SQL Basic Concepts and Principles
Chapter 1: SQL and Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS)
Selecting Your Database Software
Everything in Details: DBMS Implementations
Real-Life Database Examples
Database Legacy
Relational Databases
Object Database and Object-Relational Database Models
Brief History of SQL and SQL Standards
Summary
Chapter 2: Fundamental SQL Concepts and Principles
SQL: The First Look
Any Platform, Any Time
Summary
Chapter 3: SQL Data Types
No Strings Attached
In Numbers Strength
Once Upon a Time: Date and Time Data Types
Object and User-Defined Data Types
Other Data Types
NULL
Summary
Part II: Creating and Modifying Database Objects
Chapter 4: Creating RDBMS Objects
Tables
Views
Aliases and Synonyms
Schemas
Other SQL99 and Implementation-Specific Objects
CREATE Statement Cross-Reference
Summary
Chapter 5: Altering and Destroying RDBMS Objects
Tables
Views
Aliases and Synonyms
Schemas
Other Implementation-Specific Objects
ALTER and DROP Statements Cross-Reference
Summary
Part III: Data Manipulation and Transaction Control
Chapter 6: Data Manipulation Language (DML)
INSERT: Populating Tables with Data
UPDATE: Modifying Table Data
DELETE: Removing Data from Table
Other SQL Statements to Manipulate Data
Summary
Chapter 7: Sessions, Transactions, and Locks
Sessions
Transactions
Understanding Locks
Summary
Part IV: Retrieving and Transforming Data
Chapter 8: Understanding SELECT Statement
Single Table SELECT Statement Syntax
SELECT Clause: What Do We Select?
FROM Clause: Select from What?
WHERE Clause: Setting Horizontal Limits
GROUP BY and HAVING Clauses: Summarizing Results
ORDER BY Clause: Sorting Query Output
Combining the Results of Multiple Queries
Summary
Chapter 9: Multitable Queries
Inner Joins
Outer Joins: Joining Tables on Columns Containing NULL Values
Joins Involving Inline Views
Multitable Joins with Correlated Queries
Improving Efficiency of Multitable Queries
Summary
Chapter 10: SQL Functions
Summary
Chapter 11: SQL Operators
Arithmetic Operators
Logical Operators
Operator Precedence
Assignment Operator
Comparison Operators
Bitwise Operators
User-defined Operators
Summary
Part V: Implementing Security Using System Catalogs
Chapter 12: SQL and RDBMS Security
Defining a Database User
Managing Security with Privileges
Managing Security with Roles
Using Views for Security
Using Constraints for Security
Using Stored Procedures and Triggers for Security
Database Auditing
Security Standards
Summary
Chapter 13: The System Catalog and INFORMATION_SCHEMA
Oracle 9i Data Dictionary
IBM DB2 UDB 8.1 System Catalogs
Microsoft SQL Server 2000 System Catalog
Summary
Part VI: Beyond SQL--Procedural Programming and Database Access Mechanisms
Chapter 14: Stored Procedures, Triggers, and User-Defined Functions
Procedural Extension Uses and Benefits
Key Elements of a SQL Procedural Language
Stored procedures
User-Defined Functions
Triggers
Summary
Chapter 15: Dynamic and Embedded SQL Overview
SQL Statement Processing Steps
Embedded (Static) SQL
Dynamic SQL Techniques
The Future of Embedded SQL
Summary
Chapter 16: SQL API
Microsoft Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)
Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)
IBM DB2 UDB Call-Level Interface (CLI)
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Oracle Objects for OLE (OO4O)
Microsoft Data Access Interfaces
Summary
Chapter 17: New Developments--XML, OLAP, and Objects
XML
OLAP and Business Intelligence
Objects
Summary
Part VII: Appendix
Appendix A: What's on the CD-ROM
Using the CD with Windows
What's on the CD
Troubleshooting
Appendix B: The ACME Sample Database
General Information and Business Rules
Naming Conventions
Relationships Between Tables
Column Constraints and Defaults
SQL Scripts to Create ACME Database Objects
Appendix C: Basics of Relational Database Design
Identifying Entities and Attributes
Normalization
Specifying Constraints
Pitfalls of Relational Database Design
Appendix D: Installing RDBMS Software
Installing IBM DB2 UDB 8.1 Personal Edition
Installing Microsoft SQL Server 2000
Appendix E: Accessing RDBMS
Using IBM DB2 UDB 8.1 Command-Line Processor (CLP)
Using Microsoft SQL Server Utilities to Access Database
Appendix F: Installing the ACME Database
Installing the ACME Database on Oracle 9i (Unix/Linux) Using SQL*Plus
Installing the ACME Database on DB2 UDB 8.1 (Windows) Using CLP
Installing ACME Database on Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Using OSQL Utility
Appendix G: SQL Functions
Appendix H: SQL Syntax Reference
DDL Statements
DCL Statements
DML Statements
DQL Statements
Transactional Control Statements
Predicates
Appendix I: SQL-Reserved Keywords
Future Keywords
ODBC Reserved Keywords
Appendix J: SQL99 Major Features Compliance Across Different RDBMS
Appendix K: The Other RDBMS
Appendix L: A Brief Introduction to the Number Systems, Boolean Algebra, and Set Theory
The Number Systems
Logic Elements of Boolean Algebra
Set Theory
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Code Examples
List of Sidebars
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