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Practical mod_perl

A.6 Sending Multiple Cookies with the mod_perl API

Given that you have prepared your cookies in @cookies, the following code will submit all the cookies:

for (@cookies) {
    $r->headers_out->add('Set-Cookie' => $_);
}

Preface

What You Need to Know

Who This Book Is For

How This Book Is Organized

Reference Sections

Filesystem Conventions

Apache and Perl Versions

Typographic Conventions

Command Interpreter Program (Shell) Conventions

Installing Perl Modules

How to Contact Us

Acknowledgments

Part I: mod_perl Administration

Chapter 1. Introducing CGI and mod_perl

1.1 A Brief History of CGI

1.2 The Apache 1.3 Server Model

1.3 The Development of mod_perl 1.0

1.4 Apache 1.3 Request Processing Phases

1.5 References

Chapter 2. Getting Started Fast

2.1 Installing mod_perl 1.0 in Three Steps

2.2 Installing mod_perl on Unix Platforms

2.3 Configuring and Starting the mod_perl Server

2.4 Installing mod_perl for Windows

2.5 Preparing the Scripts Directory

2.6 A Sample Apache::Registry Script

2.7 A Simple mod_perl Content Handler

2.8 Is This All We Need to Know About mod_perl?

2.9 References

Chapter 3. Installing mod_perl

3.1 Configuring the Source

3.2 Building mod_perl (make)

3.3 Testing the Server (make test)

3.4 Installation (make install)

3.5 Installation Scenarios for Standalone mod_perl

3.6 Building mod_perl with Other Components

3.7 Installing mod_perl with the CPAN.pm Interactive Shell

3.8 Installing mod_perl on Multiple Machines

3.9 Installation into a Nonstandard Directory

3.10 How Can I Tell if mod_perl Is Running?

3.11 General Notes

3.12 References

Chapter 4. mod_perl Configuration

4.1 Apache Configuration

4.2 mod_perl Configuration

4.3 The Startup File

4.4 Apache Configuration in Perl

4.5 Validating the Configuration Syntax

4.6 The Scope of mod_perl Configuration Directives

4.7 Apache Restarts Twice

4.8 Enabling Remote Server Configuration Reports

4.9 Tips and Tricks

4.10 Configuration Security Concerns

4.11 General Pitfalls

4.12 References

Chapter 5. Web Server Control, Monitoring, Upgrade, and Maintenance

5.1 Starting the Server in Multi-Process Mode

5.2 Starting the Server in Single-Process Mode

5.3 Using kill to Control Processes

5.4 Using apachectl to Control the Server

5.5 Validating Server Configuration

5.6 Setuid root Startup Scripts

5.7 Preparing for Machine Reboot

5.8 Upgrading a Live Server

5.9 Three-Tier Server Scheme: Development, Staging, and Production

5.10 Web Server Monitoring

5.11 Server Maintenance Chores

5.12 References

Chapter 6. Coding with mod_perl in Mind

6.1 Before You Start to Code

6.2 Exposing Apache::Registry Secrets

6.3 Namespace Issues

6.4 Perl Specifics in the mod_perl Environment

6.5 CHECK and INIT Blocks

6.6 Apache::Registry Specifics

6.7 Transition from mod_cgi Scripts to Apache Handlers

6.8 Loading and Reloading Modules

6.9 Handling the 'User Pressed Stop Button' Case

6.10 Handling Server Timeout Cases and Working with $SIG{ALRM}

6.11 Generating Correct HTTP Headers

6.12 Method Handlers: The Browse and See, Browse and View Example

6.13 References

Part II: mod_perl Performance

Chapter 7. Identifying Your Performance Problems

7.1 Looking at the Big Picture

7.2 Asking the Right Questions

7.3 References

Chapter 8. Choosing a Platform for the Best Performance

8.1 Choosing the Right Operating System

8.2 Choosing the Right Hardware

8.3 References

Chapter 9. Essential Tools for Performance Tuning

9.1 Server Benchmarking

9.2 Perl Code Benchmarking

9.3 Process Memory Measurements

9.4 Apache::Status and Measuring Code Memory Usage

9.5 Code Profiling Techniques

9.6 References

Chapter 10. Improving Performance with Shared Memory and Proper Forking

10.1 Sharing Memory

10.2 Forking and Executing Subprocessesfrom mod_perl

10.3 References

Chapter 11. Tuning Performance by Tweaking Apache's Configuration

11.1 Setting the MaxClients Directive

11.2 Setting the MaxRequestsPerChild Directive

11.3 Setting MinSpareServers, MaxSpareServers, and StartServers

11.4 KeepAlive

11.5 PerlSetupEnv

11.6 Reducing the Number of stat( ) Calls Made by Apache

11.7 Symbolic Links Lookup

11.8 Disabling DNS Resolution

11.9 Response Compressing

11.10 References

Chapter 12. Server Setup Strategies

12.1 mod_perl Deployment Overview

12.2 Standalone mod_perl-Enabled Apache Server

12.3 One Plain and One mod_perl-Enabled Apache Server

12.4 One Light Non-Apache and One mod_perl-Enabled Apache Server

12.5 Adding a Proxy Server in httpd Accelerator Mode

12.6 The Squid Server and mod_perl

12.7 Apache's mod_proxy Module

12.8 mod_rewrite Examples

12.9 Getting the Remote Server IP in the Backend Server in the Proxy Setup

12.10 Frontend/Backend Proxying with Virtual Hosts

12.11 HTTP Authentication with Two Servers and a Proxy

12.12 When One Machine Is Not Enough for Your RDBMS DataBase and mod_perl

12.13 Running More than One mod_perl Server on the Same Machine

12.14 SSL Functionality and a mod_perl Server

12.15 Uploading and Downloading Big Files

12.16 References

Chapter 13. TMTOWTDI: Convenience and Habit Versus Performance

13.1 Apache::Registry PerlHandler Versus Custom PerlHandler

13.2 Apache::args Versus Apache::Request::param Versus CGI::param

13.3 Buffered Printing and Better print( ) Techniques

13.4 Interpolation, Concatenation, or List

13.5 Keeping a Small Memory Footprint

13.6 Object Methods Calls Versus Function Calls

13.7 Using the Perl stat( ) Call's Cached Results

13.8 time( ) System Call Versus $r->request_time

13.9 Printing Unmodified Files

13.10 Caching and Pre-Caching

13.11 Caching with Memoize

13.12 Comparing Runtime Performance of Perl and C

13.13 References

Chapter 14. Defensive Measures for Performance Enhancement

14.1 Controlling Your Memory Usage

14.2 Coding for a Smaller Memory Footprint

14.3 Conclusion

14.4 References

Chapter 15. Improving Performance Through Build Options

15.1 Server Size as a Function of Compiled-in Features

15.2 mod_status and ExtendedStatus On

15.3 DYNAMIC_MODULE_LIMIT Apache Build Option

15.4 Perl Build Options

15.5 Architecture-Specific Compile Options

15.6 References

Chapter 16. HTTP Headers for Optimal Performance

16.1 Date-Related Headers

16.2 Content Headers

16.3 Content Negotiation

16.4 HTTP Requests

16.5 Avoiding Dealing with Headers

16.6 References

Part III: Databases and mod_perl

Chapter 17. Databases Overview

17.1 Volatile Databases

17.2 Non-Volatile Databases

17.3 References

Chapter 18. mod_perl Data-Sharing Techniques

18.1 Sharing the Read-Only Data in and Between Processes

18.2 Sharing Data Between Various Handlers

18.3 References

Chapter 19. DBM and mod_perl

19.1 mod_perl and DBM

19.2 Resource Locking

19.3 Flawed Locking Methods

19.4 Locking Wrappers Overview

19.5 Tie::DB_Lock

19.6 Examples

19.7 References

Chapter 20. Relational Databases and mod_perl

20.1 Persistent Database Connections with Apache::DBI

20.2 Improving Performance

20.3 DBI Debug Techniques

20.4 References

Part IV: Debugging and Troubleshooting

Chapter 21. Error Handling and Debugging

21.1 Warnings and Errors Explained

21.2 Debugging Code in Single-Server Mode

21.3 Tracing System Calls

21.4 Tracing mod_perl-Specific Perl Calls

21.5 Debugging Perl Code

21.6 Analyzing Dumped core Files

21.7 Hanging Processes: Detection and Diagnostics

21.8 Useful Debug Modules

21.9 Looking Inside the Server

21.10 References

Chapter 22. Troubleshooting mod_perl

22.1 Configuration and Startup

22.2 Code Parsing and Compilation

22.3 Runtime

22.4 Shutdown and Restart

Chapter 23. Getting Help and Online Resources

23.1 How to Report Problems

23.2 Mailing List Etiquette

23.3 Resources

Part V: mod_perl 2.0

Chapter 24. mod_perl 2.0: Installation and Configuration

24.1 What's New in Apache 2.0

24.2 What's New in Perl 5.6.0-5.8.0

24.3 What's New in mod_perl 2.0

24.4 Installing mod_perl 2.0

24.5 Configuring mod_perl 2.0

24.6 Resources

Chapter 25. Programming for mod_perl 2.0

25.1 Migrating to and Programming with mod_perl 2.0

25.2 New Apache Phases and Corresponding Perl*Handlers

25.3 I/O Filtering

Part VI: Appendixes

Appendix A. mod_perl Recipes

A.1 Emulating the Authentication Mechanism

A.2 Reusing Data from POST Requests

A.3 Redirecting POST Requests

A.4 Redirecting While Maintaining Environment Variables

A.5 Handling Cookies

A.6 Sending Multiple Cookies with the mod_perl API

A.7 Sending Cookies in REDIRECT Responses

A.8 CGI::params in the mod_perlish Way

A.9 Sending Email from mod_perl

A.10 mod_rewrite in Perl

A.11 Setting PerlHandler Based on MIME Type

A.12 Singleton Database Handles

A.13 Terminating a Child Process on Request Completion

A.14 References

Appendix B. Apache Perl Modules

B.1 Development-Stage Modules

B.2 Modules to Aid Debugging

B.3 Control and Monitoring Modules

B.4 Server Configuration Modules

B.5 Authentication-Phase Modules

B.6 Authorization-Phase Modules

B.7 Access-Phase Modules

B.8 Type Handlers

B.9 Trans Handlers

B.10 Fixup Handlers

B.11 Generic Content-Generation Modules

B.12 Application-Specific Content-Generation Modules

B.13 Database Modules

B.14 Toolkits and Frameworks for Content-Generation and Other Phases

B.15 Output Filters and Layering Modules

B.16 Logging-Phase Handlers

B.17 Core Apache Modules

B.18 Other Miscellaneous Modules

Appendix C. ISPs Providing mod_perl Services

C.1 Users Sharing a Single Web Server

C.2 Users Sharing a Single Machine

C.3 Giving Each User a Separate Machine (Colocation)

C.4 Giving Each User a Virtual Machine

Appendix D. The Template Toolkit

D.1 Fetching and Installing the Template Toolkit

D.2 Overview

D.3 Typical Uses

D.4 Template Toolkit Language

D.5 Processing Templates

D.6 Apache/mod_perl Handler

D.7 Apache::Template Module

D.8 Hangman Application

D.9 References

Appendix E. The AxKit XML Application Server

E.1 Installing and Configuring AxKit

E.2 Your First AxKit Page

E.3 Dynamic Content

E.4 More XPathScript Details

E.5 XSLT

E.6 Putting Everything Together

E.7 More Reasons to Use AxKit

Appendix F. HTTP Status Codes

F.1 HTTP/1.0 Status Codes

F.2 HTTP/1.1 Status Codes

F.3 References

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