Hack 18 Automate Creation of OU Structure

Here's a snappy method for creating a standard hierarchy of organizational units (OUs) for a domain.

If you manage deployment of Active Directory in a medium-sized or large organization, you probably are spending a significant amount of time trying to maintain consistency in the Active Directory hierarchy. Even within a single domain, it typically makes sense to keep your organizational units (OUs) structured according to some agreed-upon rules. Regardless of whether your top-tier OU design is based on functional, business, geographic, or some other criteria, you will likely benefit from keeping the lower tiers arranged in the same fashion. This way, for example, you can formulate standard operating procedures that will apply across the entire organization. You can also attempt to automate some of the common administrative tasks, such as user, group, or computer account creation; script delegations and permission assignments; and group policy object management on the OU level.

One of the ways to make sure that the structure will remain consistent throughout Active Directory deployment is to script the OU-creation process. The script in this hack creates a sample OU hierarchy. The assumption is that the top-level OUs are created manually, while the lower layers are always the same. The structure follows Microsoft best practices and includes two second-tier OUs: Accounts and Resources. The Accounts OU is further divided into Users, ServiceAccounts, Groups, and Admins. Resources consists of Workstations and Servers. It is fairly easy to extend this structure (for example, you could create separate OUs for different server types, such as File, Print, or TerminalServices, beneath the Servers OU). The script performs some error checking to verify that the respective organizational units haven't been created yet.

The Code

The following VBScript is a Windows script (*.wsf) file, a text document that contains Extensible Markup Language (XML) code. Using a text editor such as Notepad (with Word Wrap turned off) type the following code and save it as CreateOU.wsf:

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<job id="CreateOUs">

<script language="VBscript">

<![CDATA[



'***************************************************************

'*** The script creates OU structure underneath top level OU

'*** Second level: Accounts and Resources

'*** Third level: 

'*** Accounts children OUs - Users, ServiceAccounts, Groups, Admins

'*** Resources children OUs - Workstations, Servers

'***

'*** To execute, run cscript.exe //nologo CreateOUs.wsf OUName

'*** where OUName is the name of the top level OU

Option Explicit



Dim strOU1 'the first level OU

Dim strOU2 'the second level OU

Dim strOU3 'the third level OU

Dim arrOUTier2 'array of the second level OUs

Dim arrOUTier3a 'first array of the third level OUs

Dim arrOUTier3b 'second array of the third level OUs



Dim strDomainDN 'name of the domain

Dim strADsPath 'ADsPath of the first level OU

Dim strADsSubPath 'ADsPath of the second level OU

Dim adsRootDSE 'aDSRootDSE object

Dim adsContainer, adsSubContainer, adsOU 

'variables representing AD container objects



'***************************************************************

'*** Connect to the current domain



Set adsRootDSE = GetObject("LDAP://rootDSE")

strDomainDN = adsRootDSE.Get("defaultNamingContext")



'***************************************************************

'*** Connect to the top level OU



strOU1 = WScript.Arguments(0)

strADsPath = "LDAP://OU=" & strOU1 & "," & strDomainDN

Set adsContainer = GetObject(strADsPath)



On Error Resume Next



arrOUTier2 = Array("Accounts", "Resources")

arrOUTier3a = Array("Users", "ServiceAccounts", "Groups", "Admins")

arrOUTier3b = Array("Workstations", "Servers")



'***************************************************************

'*** Populate the OU structure



For Each strOU2 in arrOUTier2



Set adsOU = adsContainer.Create("OrganizationalUnit", "OU=" & strOU2)

adsOU.SetInfo

If ErrCheck(Err, strOU2) <> 2 Then



strADsSubPath = "LDAP://OU=" & strOU2 & ",OU=" & strOU1 & "," & strDomainDN

Set adsSubContainer = GetObject(strADsSubPath)



Select Case strOU2

Case "Accounts"

For Each strOU3 in arrOUTier3a

Set adsOU = adsSubContainer.Create("OrganizationalUnit", "OU=" & strOU3)

adsOU.SetInfo

Call ErrCheck(Err, strOU3)

Next

Case "Resources"

For Each strOU3 in arrOUTier3b

Set adsOU = adsSubContainer.Create("OrganizationalUnit", "OU=" & strOU3)

adsOU.SetInfo

Call ErrCheck(Err, strOU3)

Next

End Select



End If



Next



On Error GoTo 0



Set adsOU = Nothing

Set adsContainer = Nothing



'***************************************************************

'*** Error checking function



Function ErrCheck(objErr, strObj)



If objErr.Number <> 0 Then

'if the object already exists

If objErr.Number = &H80071392 Then

WScript.Echo "The OU " & strObj & " already exists"

ErrCheck = 1

Else

WScript.Echo "Unexpected error " & objErr.Description

ErrCheck = 2

End If



Else



ErrCheck = 0



End If



objErr.Clear



End Function



]]>

</script>

</job>

Running the Hack

To execute the script, open a command prompt, change to the directory in which CreateOUs.wsf resides, and type cscript.exe //nologo CreateOUs.wsf "OUName", where OUName is the name of the top-level OU. If OUName does not already exist, you'll get an error. To illustrate how this script works, I first created an OU named Boston in the mtit.com domain and then ran cscript.exe //nologo CreateOUs.wsf "Boston" from the command line. Figure 2-4 shows the result in Active Directory Users and Computers.