A Directory in a Dataset

A List as a Dataset

The generic list-based dataset is called TMdListDataSet and contains the list of objects, a list that is created when you open the dataset and freed when you close it. This dataset doesn't store the record data within the buffer; rather, it saves in the buffer only the position in the list of the entry corresponding to the record's data. This is the class definition:

type
  TMdListDataSet = class (TMdCustomDataSet)
  protected
    // the list holding the data
    FList: TObjectList;
    // dataset virtual methods
    procedure InternalPreOpen; override;
    procedure InternalClose; override;
    // custom dataset virtual methods
    function InternalRecordCount: Integer; override;
    procedure InternalLoadCurrentRecord (Buffer: PChar); override;
  end;

You can see that by writing a generic custom data class, you can override a few virtual methods of the TDataSet class and of this custom dataset class, and have a working dataset (although this is still an abstract class, which requires extra code from subclasses to work). When the dataset is opened, you have to create the list and set the record size, to indicate you're saving the list index in the buffer:

procedure TMdListDataSet.InternalPreOpen;
begin
  FList := TObjectList.Create (True); // owns the objects
  FRecordSize := 4; // an integer, the list item id
end;

Further derived classes at this point should also fill the list with objects.

Closing is a matter of freeing the list, which has a record count corresponding to the list size:

function TMdListDataSet.InternalRecordCount: Integer;
begin
  Result := fList.Count;
end;

The only other method saves the current record's data in the record buffer, including the bookmark information. The core data is the position of the current record, which matches the list index (and also the bookmark):

procedure TMdListDataSet.InternalLoadCurrentRecord (Buffer: PChar);
begin
  PInteger (Buffer)^ := fCurrentRecord;
  with PMdRecInfo(Buffer + FRecordSize)^ do
  begin
    BookmarkFlag := bfCurrent;
    Bookmark := fCurrentRecord;
  end;
end;

Directory Data

The derived directory dataset class has to provide a way to load the objects in memory when the dataset is opened, to define the proper fields, and to read and write the value of those fields. It also has a property indicating the directory to work on—or, to be more precise, the directory plus the file mask used for filtering the files (such as c:\docs\*.txt):

type
  TMdDirDataset = class(TMdListDataSet)
  private
    FDirectory: string;
    procedure SetDirectory(const NewDirectory: string);
  protected
    // TDataSet virtual methods
    procedure InternalInitFieldDefs; override;
    procedure SetFieldData(Field: TField; Buffer: Pointer); override;
    function GetCanModify: Boolean; override;
    // custom dataset virtual methods
    procedure InternalAfterOpen; override;
  public
    function GetFieldData(Field: TField; Buffer: Pointer): Boolean; override;
  published
    property Directory: string read FDirectory write SetDirectory;
  end;

The GetCanModify function is another virtual method of TDataSet, used to determine if the dataset is read-only. In this case, it returns False. You don't have to write any code for the SetFieldData procedure, but you must define it because it is an abstract virtual method.

Because you are dealing with a list of objects, the unit includes a class for those objects. In this case, the file data is extracted from a TSearchRec buffer by the TFileData class constructor:

type
  TFileData = class
  public
    ShortFileName: string;
    Time: TDateTime;
    Size: Integer;
    Attr: Integer;
    constructor Create (var FileInfo: TSearchRec);
  end;
   
constructor TFileData.Create (var FileInfo: TSearchRec);
begin
  ShortFileName := FileInfo.Name;
  Time := FileDateToDateTime (FileInfo.Time);
  Size := FileInfo.Size;
  Attr := FileInfo.Attr;
end;

This constructor is called for each folder while opening the dataset:

procedure TMdDirDataset.InternalAfterOpen;
var
  Attr: Integer;
  FileInfo: TSearchRec;
  FileData: TFileData;
begin
  // scan all files
  Attr := faAnyFile;
  FList.Clear;
  if SysUtils.FindFirst(fDirectory, Attr, FileInfo) = 0 then
  repeat
    FileData := TFileData.Create (FileInfo);
    FList.Add (FileData);
  until SysUtils.FindNext(FileInfo) <> 0;
  SysUtils.FindClose(FileInfo);
end;

The next step is to define the fields of the dataset, which in this case are fixed and depend on the available directory data:

procedure TMdDirDataset.InternalInitFieldDefs;
begin
  if fDirectory = '' then
    raise EMdDataSetError.Create ('Missing directory');
   
  // field definitions
  FieldDefs.Clear;
  FieldDefs.Add ('FileName', ftString, 40, True);
  FieldDefs.Add ('TimeStamp', ftDateTime);
  FieldDefs.Add ('Size', ftInteger);
  FieldDefs.Add ('Attributes', ftString, 3);
  FieldDefs.Add ('Folder', ftBoolean);
end;

Finally, the component has to move the data from the list object referenced by the current record buffer (the ActiveBuffer value) to each field of the dataset, as requested by the GetFieldData method. This function uses either Move or StrCopy, depending on the data type, and it does some conversions for the attribute codes (H for hidden, R for read-only, and S for system) extracted from the related flags and used to determine whether a file is a folder. Here is the code:

function TMdDirDataset.GetFieldData (Field: TField; Buffer: Pointer): Boolean;
var
  FileData: TFileData;
  Bool1: WordBool;
  strAttr: string;
  t: TDateTimeRec;
begin
  FileData := fList [Integer(ActiveBuffer^)] as TFileData;
  case Field.Index of
    0: // filename
      StrCopy (Buffer, pchar(FileData.ShortFileName));
    1: // timestamp
    begin
      t := DateTimeToNative (ftdatetime, FileData.Time);
      Move (t, Buffer^, sizeof (TDateTime));
    end;
    2: // size
      Move (FileData.Size, Buffer^, sizeof (Integer));
    3: // attributes
    begin
      strAttr := '   ';
      if (FileData.Attr and SysUtils.faReadOnly) > 0 then
        strAttr [1] := 'R';
      if (FileData.Attr and SysUtils.faSysFile) > 0 then
        strAttr [2] := 'S';
      if (FileData.Attr and SysUtils.faHidden) > 0 then
        strAttr [3] := 'H';
      StrCopy (Buffer, pchar(strAttr));
    end;
    4: // folder
    begin
      Bool1 := FileData.Attr and SysUtils.faDirectory > 0;
      Move (Bool1, Buffer^, sizeof (WordBool));
    end;
  end; // case
  Result := True;
end;

The tricky part in writing this code was figuring out the internal format of dates stored in date/time fields. This is not the common TDateTime format used by Delphi, and not even the internal TTimeStamp, but what is internally called the native date and time format. I've written a conversion function by cloning one I found in the VCL code for the date/time fields:

function DateTimeToNative(DataType: TFieldType; Data: TDateTime): TDateTimeRec;
var
  TimeStamp: TTimeStamp;
begin
  TimeStamp := DateTimeToTimeStamp(Data);
  case DataType of
    ftDate: Result.Date := TimeStamp.Date;
    ftTime: Result.Time := TimeStamp.Time;
  else
    Result.DateTime := TimeStampToMSecs(TimeStamp);
  end;
end;

With this dataset available, building the demo program (shown in Figure 17.7) was just a matter of connecting a DBGrid component to the dataset and adding a folder-selection component, the sample ShellTreeView control. This control is set up to work only on files, by setting its Root property to C:\. When the user selects a new folder, the OnChange event handler of the ShellTreeView control refreshes the dataset:

procedure TForm1.ShellTreeView1Change(Sender: TObject; Node: TTreeNode);
begin
  MdDirDataset1.Close;
  MdDirDataset1.Directory := ShellTreeView1.Path + '\*.*';
  MdDirDataset1.Open;
end;

Figure 17.7: The output of the DirDemo example, which uses an unusual dataset that shows directory data